Model: 48GX
General:
Name: Scientific Expandable
HP-Code-Name: Hammer
Family: Charlemagne
Logic: RPL
Features: scientific, programmable, clock, alarms
date arithmetic, hyperbolics, complex
base w/arithmetic, matrix, vector, lists,
solver (algebraic, program), symbolic
math, symbolic integration, differentiation,
plotting, graphics, multiple equation solver,
equation library, etc., etc.
Firsts: 128K RAM built in, able to accept
bank-switched RAM cards in port 2 up to 4 meg
Introduction:
Date: 1993-06-01
Price: $350
Discontinuation:
Date: 2003-05-30
Price: $149.99 as of 2003-01-31
Production-Run: ?
Display:
Type: LCD, bit-mapped
Size: 8 lines x 22 chars, 64 x 131 pixels
Number-Formats: sign, 12 mantissa, ., exp sign, 2 exp
see data types
Annunciators: <\ left shift active
/> right shift active
\Ga alpha keyboard active
((.)) alarm has gone off or low battery
hourglass busy
/\
--> transmitting data
\/
the following ones are in the message area:
RAD radians mode
GRAD grads mode
R\<)Z polar/cylindrical mode
R\<)\<) polar/spherical mode
HALT program has been halted
1 user flag 1 set
2 user flag 2 set
3 user flag 3 set
4 user flag 4 set
5 user flag 5 set
1USR user keyboard active for one key
USER user keyboard mode
ALG alebraic-entry mode
PRG program entry mode
Data:
User-Visible:
Smallest: 1E-499
Largest: 9.99999999999E499
Signif.-Digits: 12
Internal:
Smallest: 1E-49999
Largest: 9.99999999999999E49999
Signif.-Digits: 15
Data-Types-and-Sizes:
type object size (bytes) display as
0 real number 10.5 1.2345
1 complex number 18.5 (6.7,8.9)
(6.7,\<)8.9)
2 string 5 +length "XYZ" or
$C 5 hello
3 real array 7.5+8*elements [ 9 8 7 ]
4 complex array 7.5+16*elements [ (1,2) (3,4) ]
5 list 5+2.5*elements+ { "FIN" Name }
element storage
6 global name 5 + length X
7 local name 5 + length j
8 program as list \<< Z 4 * \>>
9 algebraic as list 'A=B-3'
10 binary integer 10.5 # 1010b
1-64 bits # 765o
# 987d
# FEDh
11 graphics object 10 + data Graphic 131 x 64
header 2.5 GROB 4 4 70607050
length 2.5
height 2.5
width 2.5
data <as required>
12 tagged object 5+tag+object area: 4.8
(tags can be applied to any object) :area: 2.3
13 unit object 7.5 plus: 55 km/s^2
Real magnitude:10.5 (2.5 if built-in)
Prefixes: 6
Unit Names: 5 + no. chars
Operators: (*,/ or ^): 2.5
Exponents: 10.5 (2.5 if built-in)
14 XLIB name 5.5 XLIB 645 2
15 directory as list DIR ... END
16 library ? Library 645: ...
17 backup object 5 + no. of Backup HOMEDIR
name chars +
included object
18 built-in function 2.5 COS
19 built-in command 2.5 ROLL
20 address 5 <28FCh>
21 long real 13 Long Real
22 long complex 23.5 Long Complex
23 linked array ? Linked Array
24 character 3.5 Character
25 code ? Code
26 library data ? Library Data
27-30 external ? External
The sizes are guesses.
Memory:
Named-Registers: none
Flags: 64-1 user flags
60 units type
61 units usage
63 variable state change
-1 principal solution only
-2 symbolic constants
-3 numeric results
-5 to -10 binary word size
-11 to -12 base 0)decimal 1)octal
2)binary 3)hex
-14 TVM payment mode
-15 to -16 coordinates 0)rectangular
2)cylindrical 3)spherical
-17 to -18 trig mode 0)degrees
1)radians 2)grads
-19 vector/complex
-20 underflow is error
-21 overflow is error
-22 infinite not an error
-23 there was positive underflow
-24 there was negative underflow
-25 there was overflow
-26 there was infinite
-27 symbolic decompilation
-28 plotting multiple functions
-29 trace mode
-31 disable curve filling
-32 graphics cursor dark background
-33 I/O to I/R
-34 print to serial
-35 I/O is binary format
-36 receive overwrite variable
-37 double-spaced print
-38 supress line feed
-39 supress Kermit messages
-40 display clock
-41 24 hour format
-42 DD.MM.YY format
-43 don't reschedule repeating alarms
-44 save acknowledged alarms
-45 to -48 set number of digits
-49 to -50 display format 0)STD 1)SCI
2)FIX 3)ENG
-51 fraction mark comma
-52 multi-line object display
-53 display () to mark precedence
-54 tiny array elements
-55 save last arguments
-56 beep off
-57 alarm beep off
-58 verbose messages off
-59 fast catalog display
-60 alpha key once to lock
-61 user key once to lock
-62 user mode active
-63 vectored enter on
-64 set by GETI and PUTI when indices wrap
Register-Usage: ALRMDAT current alarms
CST custom menu
EQ current equation
IERR uncertainty of integration
IOPAR I/O parameters {baud parity recv-pacing
xmit-pacing checksum translate-code}
PICT the graphics display
PPAR plotting parameters {(xmin,ymin)
(xmax,ymax) indepvar resolution
(xaxis,yaxis) type dependvar}
PRTPAR printing parameters {delay "remap"
linelen "lineterm"}
VPAR parameters used by 3D plot commands
der... user-defined derivative
n1,n2,... integers created by ISOL
s1,s2,... signs created by ISOL and QUAD
\GSDAT current statistics data
\GSPAR statistics parameters {indepcol
dependcol intercept slope model }
Numbered-Registers: none
Program-Steps: memory
Program-Editing: insert or replace
Program-Display: alpha
User-RAM-Bytes: 128K
Total-RAM-Bytes: 128K (256K max merged, 4224K max independent)
ROM-Bytes: 512K
Machine-State: flags
stack
user memory
libraries
File-Types: none
Physical:
Technology-Used: CMOS
Processor: Yorke (00048-80063, 160 pin QFP), 4 MHz
Chip-Count: 5 (Yorke CPU, 2x SED1181
(display column driver), 512K ROM,
128K RAM)
Power-Source: 3 AAA cells
Continuous-Memory: yes
Expansion-Ports: 2
I/O-Ports: 4-wire serial, I/R I/O, beeper
Clock: yes
Length: 180mm
Width: 81mm
Height: 25mm
Weight: 264g
Temperature-Range:
Operating: 0 to 45 deg C
Charging: -
Storage: -20 to 65 deg C
Keyboard:
Switches: none
Shift-Keys: left, lavender, above left
right, teal, above right
alpha, white, right
User-Defined-Keys: 6 menu keys, entire keyboard
Key-Arrangement::
** ** ** ** ** **
** ** ** ** ** **
** ** ** ** ** **
** ** ** ** ** **
***** ** ** ** **
* *** *** *** ***
* *** *** *** ***
* *** *** *** ***
* *** *** *** ***
Key-Labels-Base-Keyboard::
[] [] [] [] [] []
MTH PRG CST VAR ^ NXT
' STO EVAL <| v |>
x
SIN COS TAN \v/x y 1/x
ENTER +/- EEX DEL <-
\Ga 7 8 9 \:-
<\ 4 5 6 x
/> 1 2 3 -
ON 0 . SPC +
(The ON key has a white lower label of CANCEL.)
Key-Labels-Left-Lavender-Above-Left::
[] [] [] [] [] []
RAD [] [] [] [] PREV
UP DEF ->NUM PICTUREVIEW SWAP
2 x x
ASIN ACOS ATAN x 10 e
EQUATION EDIT PURG CLEAR DROP
USR [] [] [] ( )
[] [] [] [] [ ]
[] [] [] [] \<< \>>
CONT = , \pi { }
Key-Labels-Right-Teal-Above-Right::
[] [] [] [] [] []
POLAR CHARS MODES MEMORY STACK MENU
HOME RCL UNDO [] [] []
\.d \.S \GS x\v/y LOG LN
MATRIX CMD ARG [] []
ENTRY SOLVE PLOT SYMBOLIC #
[] TIME STAT UNITS _
[] I/O LIBRARY EQ LIB " "
OFF -> <--| \<) : :
Key-Labels-Alpha-White-Right::
A B C D E F
G H I J K L
M N O P Q R
S T U V W X
[] Y Z [] []
[] [] [] [] []
[] [] [] [] []
[] [] [] [] []
[] [] [] [] []
([] keys do the same as the base keyboard, but do not insert any extra
spaces.)
Key-Labels-Alpha-Left-Not-Shown::
a b c d e f
g h i j k l
m n o p q r
s t u v w x
& y z ! ?
LC ` ^ : ()
[] $ L- currency []
[] == < \<= \<< \>>
CONT = , \pi {}
(The three characters starting after LC are non-spacing diacritics
that compose with the character typed next.)
Key-Labels-Alpha-Right-Not-Shown::
\Ga \Gb \GD \Gd \Ge \Gh
\Gg \Gn \Goo | \|^ \Gl
' \Gm \GW \<- \|v \Gr
\Gs \Gt % ~ \Gw \Gx-
@ +- \GZ upside! upside?
INS ' ~ etc. #
[] c| Y= \^o _
[] \=/ > \>= ""
OFF \-> return \<) ::
(The three characters starting after INS are non-spacing diacritics
that compose with the character typed next.)
Programmable-Operations::
! factorial or gamma
" " identify string
# identify binary number
% compute percent
%CH compute percent change
%T compute percent total
' identify algebraic
( ) precedence; identify complex number
*H adjust plot height
*W adjust plot width
+ addition
+/- change sign
- subtraction
-> create local variable
->ARRY create an array
->COL matrix to columns
->DATE set the date
->DIAG matrix diagonal to array
->GROB create a grob
->HMS convert to HH.MMSS
->LCD put grob into LCD
->LIST create a list
->NUM evaluate an object to a numeric value
->Q converts a number to a fractional equivalent
->Q\pi converts a number to a fractional equivalent after factoring
out \pi
->ROW matrix to rows command
->STR create a string
->TAG create a tagged object
->TIME set the time
->UNIT create a unit object
->V2 create a 2d vector
->V3 create a 3d vector
0-9, . enter digit
1/x reciprocal
10^x common exponentiation
: : identify tag
< "less than" comparison test
= "equal" comparison test
== "equality" comparison test
> "greater than" comparison test
A ampere unit
a are unit (100 m^2)
ABS absolute value
ACK acknowledge displayed past due alarm
ACKALL acknowledge all past due alarms
ACOS arc cosine
ACOSH hyperbolic arc cosine
ADD add lists' corresponding elements
acre acre unit
ALOG common antilogarithm
AMORT amortize
AND logical / binary and
ANIMATE animate GROBs in stack
Ao Angstrom unit
APPLY applies an operator to an expression
ARC draw an arc
ARCHIVE makes a backup copy of HOME
arcmin arc minutes unit
arcs arc seconds unit
ARG compute polar angle of a coordinate
ARRY-> separate array (28 compatability)
ASIN arc sine
ASINH hyperbolic arc sine
ASN assign user key
ASR arithmetic shift right
ATAN arc tangent
ATANH hyperbolic arc tangent
ATICK axes tick-mark
atm atmosphere unit
ATTACH attach a library to a directory
au astronomical unit
AUTO auto-scales Y axis
AXES set axes intersections
b barn unit
B->R convert binary to real
BAR select bar plot
bar bar unit (pressure)
BARPLOT draw a bar plot
BAUD set baud
bbl barrel unit
BEEP sound a beep
BESTBIT select best fit model
BIN select binary mode
BINS sort summation into bins
BLANK blank grob
BOX draw a box
Bq Becquerel unit of activity
Btu British Thermal Unit
bu bushel unit
BUFLEN returns the number of characters in the serial in buffer
BYTES returns object size and checksum
C Couloumb unit
c speed of light constant
C->PX convert user to pixel coordinates
C->R convert complex to real
cal calorie unit
CASE ... THEN ... END ... END case statement
cd Candela unit
CEIL next larger integer
CENTR identify center of plot display
CF clear flag
chain chain unit
CHOOSE create user-defined choose box
CHR convert integer to character
Ci Curie unit
CKSM specifies Kermit checksum
CLEAR clears the stack
CLKADJ adjust clock ticks
CLLCD clear display
CLOSEIO close serial port
CLTEACH clear teaching examples
CLUSR clear all variables
CLVAR clear all variables
CL\GS clear statistics data
cm centimeter unit
cm/s centimeters/second unit
cm^2 square centimeters unit
cm^3 cubic centimeters unit
CNRM compute column normal
COLCT collect like terms
COL+ insert column
COL- delete column
COL\GS specifies dependant and independant statistics variables
COL-> columns to matrix
COMB combinations
CON constant array
COND returns column-norm condition number of square matrix
CONIC selects conic polot
CONJ compute complex conjugate
CONLIB open constants library
CONST returns value of a constant
CONT continue
CONVERT compute unit conversion
CORR compute correlation coefficent
COS cosine
COSH hyperbolic cosine
COV compute covariance
CR print a carriage-right
CRDIR create directory
CROSS compute cross product
CSWP column swap
CT carat unit
cu cup unit
CYLIN cylindrical mode
d day unit
D->R convert degrees to radians
DARCY darcy friction factor function
DATE return the date
DATE+ add days to date
DDAYS compute days between dates
DEC specify decimal mode
DECR decrements variable
DEFINE create a user-defined function
DEG specify degrees mode
DELALARM remove an alarm
DELAY specify printing delay
DELKEYS delete key assignments
DEPND specify dependant plot variable
DEPTH size of stack
DET compute determinant
DETACH detach a library
DIAG-> array to matrix diagonal
DIFFEQ differential equation plot type
DISP display object in line of display
DO ... UNTIL ... END do loop
DOERR generate error
DOLIST do to list object
DOSUBS do to sublist
DOT compute dot product
DRAW draw plot
DRAX draw axes
DROP drop one object
DROP2 drop two objects
DROPN drop N objects
DTAG remove tags
DUP duplicate object
DUP2 duplicate two objects
DUPN duplicate N items
dyn dyn unit
e symbolic constant 'e'
EEX enter exponent
EGV Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors command
EGVL Eigenvalues command
ELSE control structure component
END control structure component
ENDSUB ending sublist command
ENG specify ENG mode
ENTER enter
EQ-> separate equation
EQNLIB start the equation library
ERASE erase PICT
erg erg unit
ERR0 clear error
ERRM last error message
ERRN last error number
eV electron volt unit
EVAL evaluate object
EXP natural exponentiation
EXPAN expands algebraic
EXPFIT exponential curve fit
EXPM natural exponentiation - 1
e^x natural exponentiation
EYEPT eyepoint command
F Farad unit
F0\Gl black body emissive power function
FACT factorial
FANNING fanning friction factor function
fath fathom unit
fbm board foot unit
fc footcandle unit
FC? is a flag clear?
FC?C is a flag clear? and clear
Fdy Faraday unit
fermi Fermi unit
FFT discrete Fourier Transform command
FINDALARM find an alarm
FINISH end Kermit server mode
FIX specify FIX display mode
flam footlambert unit
FLOOR next smaller integer
FOR ... NEXT for loop
FOR ... STEP for loop
FP fractional part
FREE free merged memory
FREE1 free RAM card in port 1
FREEZE freeze part of display
FS? is a flag set?
FS?C is a flag set? then clear
ft foot unit
ft*lbf foot-pound unit
ft/s feet per second unit
ftUS US foot unit
ft^2 square feet unit
ft^3 cubic feet unit
FUNCTION specify function plot
g gram unit
ga standard freefall acceleration constant
gal US gallon unit
galC Canadian gallon unit
galUK UK gallon unit
GET get an element from a list, vector, or matrix
GETI get an element from a list, vector, or matrix and increment
gf gram-force unit
GOR graphics OR
GRAD specify GRADS mode
grad grads unit
grain grains unit
GRAPH enter the graphics environment
GRIDMAP gridmap plot type command
GXOR graphics XOR
Gy Gray unit of radiation
H Henry unit
h hour unit
ha hectare unit
HALT suspend execution
HEAD first listed element command
HEX specify hexadecimal mode
HISTOGRAM specify histogram plot
HISTPLOT draw a histogram
HMS+ hh.mmss addition
HMS- hh.mmss subtraction
HMS-> convert to hh.mmss
HOME move to home directory
hp horsepower unit
Hz Hertz unit
i return symbolic constant i
IDN identity matrix
IF ... THEN ... ELSE ... END if-statement
IF ... THEN ... END if-statement
IFERR ... THEN ... ELSE ... END error trap
IFERR ... THEN ... END error trap
IFFT inverse discrete Fourier transform
IFT stack-based if
IFTE stack-based if, can be used in algebraics
IM return imaginary part
in inch unit
INCR increment variable
INDEP specify independent variable for plotting
INFORM user-defined dialog box command
inH20 inches of water unit
inHg inches of mercury unit
INPUT accept input
INV reciprocal
in^2 square inches unit
IN^3 cubic inches unit
IP integer part
IR infrared/serial transmission command
ISOL isolate an equation variable
J Joule unit
K Kelvin unit
kcal kilocalorie unit
KERRM return last Kermit error message
KEY check for key press
kg kilogram unit
KGET get data using Kermit
KILL abort all suspended programs
kip kilopound of force unit
km kilometers unit
km^2 square kilometers unit
knot knots unit
kph kilometers per hour unit
l liter unit
LABEL labels axes
lam lambert unit
LAST return last arguments
LASTARG return last arguments
lb Avoirdupois pount unit
lbf pound-force unit
lbt troy pound unit
LCD-> return LCD as a grob
LIBEVAL evaluate library function command
LIBS lists library objects
LINE draw line
LINFIT specify linear model
LININ linear test function
LIST-> separate list (28 compatability)
lm lumen unit
LN natural logarithm
LNP1 natural logarithm + 1
LOG common logarithm
LOGFIT specify logarithmic model
LQ LQ factorization of a matrix
LR compute linear regression
LSQ least squares solution command
LU LU decomposition of a square matrix
lx lux unit
lyr light-year unit
m meter unit
m/s meters per second unit
MANT return mantissa
MAX larger of two number
MAXR largest real number
MAX\GS largest statistics value
MCALC make calculated value command
MEAN compute mean
MEM compute available memory
MENU select a built-in menu
MERGE merges RAM card into main memory
MERGE1 merge RAM in port 1
MeV mega electron volt unit
mho mho unit
mi international mile unit
mil mil unit
MIN smaller of two numbers
min minutes unit
MINEHUNT minehunt game
MINIT multiple equation menu initialization command
MINR smallest positive real number
MIN\GS smallest statistics value
MITM multiple equation menu item order command
miUS US mile unit
miUS^2 square US miles unit
mi^2 square miles unit
ml milliliters unit
mm millimeters unit
mmHg millimeters of mercury unit
MOD modulus
mol mole unit
Mpc mega parsec unit
MPH miles per hour unit
MROOT multiple roots command
MSGBOX message box command
MSOLVR multiple equation solver command
MUSER make user=defined variable command
M^2 square meter unit
M^3 cubic meter unit
N Newton unit
NDIST normal distribution command
NEG negate an argument
NEWOBJ create a new instance of an object
NEXT control structure component
nmi nautical mile unit
NOT logical or binary not
NOVAL INFORM place holder/result command
NSUB number of sublist command
NUM convert character to a number
NUMX number of X-steps command
NUMY number of Y-steps command
N\GS number of entries in summation
OBJ-> separate object
OCT specify octal mode
OFF off
OLDPRT maps printer output to HP 82249A character set
OPENIO open serial port
OR logical or binary or
ORDER specify order of objects in a directory
OVER select object
oz ounce unit
ozfl US fluid ounce unit
ozt Troy ounce unit
ozUK UK fluid ounce unit
P Poise unit of viscosity
Pa Pascal unit
PARAMETRIC specify parametric plot
PARITY sets parity
PARSURFACE parsurface plot type command
PATH returns current path
pc parsec unit
PCOEFF monic polynomial coefficients command
PCONTOUR pcontour plot type command
PCOV population covariance command
PDIM changes the size of PICT
pdl poundal unit of force
PERM compute permutations
PEVAL polynomial evaluation command
PGDIR purge directory
ph phot unit of illuminance
PICK fetch object
PICT specify screen for graphics
PICTURE picture environment command
PINIT port initialize command
PIX? is pixel set?
PIXOFF turn pixel off
PIXON turn pixel on
pk peck unit
PKT send a Kermit packet to a server
PMAX sets the upper-right plot coordinate
PMIN sets the lower-left plot coordinate
POLAR specify polar plot
POS find position of object in another
PR1 print level 1 object
PREDV predict the dependant variable
PREDX compute X given Y
PREDY compute Y given X
PRLCD print screen
PROMPT display prompt and print program
PROOT polynomial roots command
PRST print stack
PRSTC print stack compactly
PRVAR print a variable
PSDEV population standard deviation command
psi pounds per square inch unit
pt pint unit
PURGE deletes one or more variables
PUT put an element to a list, vector, or matrix
PUTI put an element to a list, vector, or matrix and incremnt
PVAR population variance command
PVARS return a lists of backup and library objects
PVIEW display PICT at location
PWRFIT specify power model
PX->C convert pixel to user coordinates
qt quart unit
QUAD solve a quadratic polynomial
QUOTE returns an argument unevaluated
R roentgen unit
r radian unit
R->B convert real to binary
R->C convert real to complex
R->D convert radians to degrees
RAD specify radians mode
rad rad unit of absorbed dose
RAND compute random number
RANK matrix rank command
RANM random matrix command
RATIO prefix divide function
RCEQ recalls the current equation
RCI multiply matrix row by constant
RCIJ add multiplied matrix row
RCL recall value
RCLALARM recall an alarm
RCLF recall flags
RCLKEYS recall key assignments command
RCLMENU recall current menu
RCL\GS recall the current statistics matrix
RCWS recall binary word size
rd rod unit
RDM redimension a matrix
RDZ set the random number seed
RE return real part
RECN receive file from remote Kermit, save in name
RECT rectangular mode
RECV receive file from remote Kermit, save as file
rem rem unit
REPEAT control structure component
REPL replace
RES set the plot resolution
RESTORE restore a backup object
REVLIST reverse list command
RKF solve for initial values (Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg)
RKFERR error estimate for Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method
RKFSTEP next solution step for RKF command
RL rotate left
RLB rotate left byte
RND round number
RNRM compute row normal of a matrix (maximum of sums of absolute
values of all elements of all rows)
ROLL roll stack
ROLLD roll stack down
ROOT compute numerical root
ROT move level 3 object to level 1
ROW+ insert row command
ROW- delete row command
ROW-> rows to matrix command
RR rotate right
RRB rotate right byte
RREF reduced row echelon form command
RRK solve for initial values (Rosenbrock,Runge-Kutta)
RRKSTEP next solution step and method (RKF or RRK) command
RSBERR error estimate for Rosenbrock method command
RSD compute residual to solution of system of linear equations
RSWP row swap command
S Siemens unit
s second unit
SAME comparison test
sb Stilb unit of luminance
SBRK send a break on the serial line
SCALE specify x and y scale
SCATRPLOT draw a scatter plot
SCATTER scatter plot type command
SCHUR Schur decomposition of a square matrix
SCI specify scientific display mode
SCL\GS scale sigma command
SCONJ conjugate the contents of a variable
SDEV compute standard deviation
SEND send the object using Kermit
SEQ sequential calculation command
SERVER go into Kermit server mode
SF set flag
SHOW resolve all name references
SIDENS silicon intrinsic density command
SIGN return the sign of a number
SIMU simultaneous plotting command
SIN sine
SINH hyperbolic sine
SINV invert the contents of a variable
SIZE returns the dimensions of an object
SL shift left
SLB shift left byte
SLOPE compute slope
SLOPEFIELD slopefield plot type command
slug slug unit
SNEG negates the contents of a variable
SNRM spectral norm command
SOLVEQN start equation solver
SORT ascending order sort command
SPHERE spherical mode command
SQ square
sr steradian unit
SR shift right
SRAD spectral radius command
SRB shift right byte
SRECV reads data from serial port
St Stoke unit of viscosity
st stere unit of volume
START ... NEXT loop with no index variable
START ... STEP loop with no index variable, variable step
STD specify standard display mode
STEP control structure component
STEQ store into EQ
STIME sets serial timeout
STO store into variable
STO* store with multiplication into variable
STO+ store with addition into variable
STO- store with subtraction into variable
STO/ store with division into variable
STOALARM store an alarm
STOF set system flags
STOKEYS make user key assignments
STO\GS store into \GSDAT
STREAM stream execution command
STR-> separate string (28 compatability)
STWS sets binary wordsize
SUB extracts portion of an object
Sv Sievert unit of dose equivalent
SVD singular value decomposition command
SVL singular values command
SWAP exchange two objects
SYSEVAL evaluates object
T Tesla unit
t metric ton unit
TAIL last listed elements command
TAN tangent
TANH hyperbolic tangent
TAYLR compute Taylor series approximation
tbsp tablespoon unit
TDELTA temperature delta function
TEACH teaching examples function
TEXT selects the stack display (as opposed to graphics)
THEN control structure component
THEN ... END control structure components
therm therm unit
TICKS return time in clock ticks
TIME return the current time
TINC emperature incrememt command
TLINE draw line toggling pixels
TMENU display temporary menu
ton short ton unit
tonUK UK ton unit
torr torr unit
TOT compute statistics sums
TRACE matrix trace command
TRANSIO select character translation
TRN transpose
TRNC truncate fucntion
TRUNC truncates a number
TRUTH specify truth plot
tsp teaspoon unit
TSTR convert date and time to string
TVARS lists variables of type
TVM time value of money command
TVMBEG payment at start of period command
TVMEND payment at end of period command
TVMROOT TVM root command
TYPE returns type of an object
u unified atomic mass unit
UBASE convert to SI base units
UFACT factor compound unit
UNTIL control structure component
UPDIR move up one level in path
UTPC upper-tail Chi-Square distribution
UTPF upper-tail F-distribution
UTPN upper-tail normal distrbution
UTPT upper-tail t-distribution
UVAL return numeric portion of a unit
V volt unit
V-> separate a vector
VAR compute variances
VARS return list of variables
VERSION software version command
VTYPE return variable's type
W Watt unit
WAIT pause execution for time or key
Wb Weber unit
WHILE ... REPEAT ... END while statement
WIREFRAME wireframe plot type command
WSLOG return warm start log
x multiplication
XCOL specify independant variable
XMIT sent serial data
XOR logical or binary xor
XPON return exponent
XRECV Xmodem receive command
XRNG specify x-axis plotting range
XROOT xth root of y
XSEND Xmodem send command
XVOL X volume coordinates command
XXRNG X range of an input plane
x\v/y xth root of y
x^2 square
YCOL specify dependant variable
yd yard unit
yd^2 square yard unit
yd^3 cubic yard unit
yr year unit
YRNG specify y-axis plotting range
YSLICE Y slice plot command
YVOL Y range of an input place
y^x power
ZFACTOR gas compressibility Z factor function
ZVOL Z volume coordinates command
[ ] identify array
\.d differentiate
\.S integrate
\:- division
\<) identify polar or spherical coordinates
\<< \>> identify program
\<= comparison test
\=/ comparison test
\>= comparison test
\GDLIST list differences command
\Gm micron unit
\GPILIST list product command
\GS sum expression over range
\GS+ add to statistics
\GS- add to statistics
\GSLINE compute best-fit line
\GSLIST list sum command
\GSX compute sum of X data
\GSX*Y compute sum of products of X and Y data
\GSX^2 compute sum of squares of X data
\GSY compute sum of Y data
\GSY^W compute sum of squares of Y data
\GW ohms unit
\pi symbolic constant
\v/x square root
\^o degrees units
\^oC degrees C units
\^oF degrees F units
\^oR degrees R units
^ power
_ identify unit
{ } identify list
| where; substitute symbolics for names
Non-Programmable-Operations::
(()) parenthesize neighbors
(X,Y) toggles on or off the current cursor coordinates at the
bottom of the display
(<- expand subexpression left
/>(<- repeat (<- until no change
*1 multiply by 1
+1-1 add and subtract 1
+COL insert a column of zeros
+ROW insert a row of zeros
, separate numbers
-() double negate and distribute
->() distribute prefix
->) expand subexpression right
/>->) repeat (<- until no change
->DEF expand trig and hyp functions into EXP and LN
->STK put object onto stack
->LIST combines objects from level 1 to current level into a list
->TRG replace exponential with trigonometric functions
-COL delete a matrix column
-ROW delete a matrix row
/1 divide by 1
/> right shift
1-VAR makes entry the statistical matrix and displays menu page 2
1/() double invert and distribute
12/24 toggle 12 and 24 hour display format
2-VAR makes entry the statistical matrix and displays menu page 4
2D assemble or disassemble a 2d vector
3D assemble or disassemble a 3d vector
<- erase last character or object
<--> commute arguments
<--| enter newline
<-A associate left
/><-A repeat <-A until no change
<-D distribute left
/><-D repeat <-D until no change
<-DEL delete item to the left
/><-DEL delete all items to the end of the line
<-M merge factors left
/><-M repeat <-M until no change
<-SKIP move left one item
<-T move term left
/><-T repeat T-> until no change
<-WID decrease column width
<\ left shift
<| left arrow
>DATE set alarm date
>TIME set alarm time
vCHK toggle checkmark field on and off
A-> associate right
/>A-> repeat A-> until no change
A/PM specify AM/PM format in clock
A/PM specify AM/PM format in alarm
ADJST TIME sub-menu
AF add fractions
ALGEBRA bring up menu
ALRM TIME sub-menu
AMORT calculate amount of principal, interest,etc. for TVM vars
AMRT calculate amortization data for scenario currently in solver
ANGL UNITS sub-menu
AREA calculate area under plot
AREA UNITS sub-menu
ARG enable/disable LAST ARG
ASCII specify ASCII/binary Kermit transfer
ATTN abort execution; exit special environments; clear messages
AUTO scale Y axis and draw plot
/>AXES recall axes intersection
B->PV yransfers remaining balance after an amortization to PV var.
BASE MTH sub-menu
BEEP enable/disable beep
BEG Toggle payment mode between Beginning or End of onth
BOX draw box
BOXZ toggle expanding box drawing mode on and off
BRCH PGM sub-menu
CALC copies contents of current field to stack and displays stack
CANCL erases command line and cancels entry in process
CAT STAT sub-menu
CENT redraw graph centered
/>CENT recall center coordinates
CHOOS display a choose box
CIRCL draw circle
CLK enable/disable clock display
CLR clears screen or pict
CMD enable/disable LAST CMD
CNCT enable/disable curve filling
CNTR redraws graph with center at current cursor position
COLCT collect like terms
COORD displays cursor coordinates
COPY copies highlighted object to a new location
CST custom menu
CTRL PGM sub-menu
D-> distribute right
/>D-> repeat D-> until no change
DAY repeating alarm interval
DBUG debugger
DEL delete next item
DEL-> delete item to the right
/>DEL-> delete all items to the end of the line
/>DEPN recall dependant variable
DINV double invert
DNEG double negate
DOT+ turn on pixel drawing
DOT- turn off pixel drawing
DRAW plot equation with axes
DRPN drop items from stack
DSPL PGM sub-menu
DUPN duplicate items
E() replace power-of-power with power-product
ECHO copy items to stack
EDEQ edit equation
EDIT EDIT menu
EDIT\GS copy statistics data to matrix writer
ELEC UNITS sub-menu
ENRG UNITS sub-menu
ENTRY toggle algebraic and program entry modes
EQ+ add equation to EQ
/>EQ+ remove last entry from EQ
EQUATION equation writer application
ERASE erase PICT
EXEC set alarm execution action
/>EXEC recall alarm execution action
EXECS show alarm execution action
EXIT exits environemnt
EXPND expand algebraic object
EXPR highlights subexpression
EXPR= return expression or equation values
EXTR move cursor to extremum
E^ replace power-of-product with power-of-power
F' plot first derivative
F(X) display value of function
FAST toggles display of equation names or names and values
FCN PLOT sub-menu
FM,/FM. set fraction mark
FORCE UNITS sub-menu
GO-> set matrix entry mode to left-to-right
GOv set matrix entry mode to top-to-bottom
GRAPH invokes scrolling mode
HOUR repeating alarm interval
HR+ adjust hours
HR- adjust hours
HYP MTH sub-menu
HZIN zoom in horizontally
HZOUTN zoom out horizontally
I/O I/O menu
/>INDEP recall independent variable
INFO display information about reserved variables
INFO? toggles automatic display of information
INIT+ stores values of differential equation solution as new initial
values for the next iteration
INS switches between insert and replace editing
IR/W infrared/wire selection
ISECT move cursor to closest intersection
KEEP clear stack levels above current
KEYS remove graphics application menu labels
L() replace product-of-log with log-of-power
L* replace log-of-power with product-of-log
LABEL labels axes
LAST ARG retains stack and restores last arguments
LAST CMD return last command line
LAST MENU return last menu
LAST STACK restore last stack
LENG UNITS sub-menu
LEVEL enter level number to stack
LIBRARY bring up menu
LIGHT UNITS sub-menu
LINE draw line
M-> merge factors right
/>M-> repeat M-> until no change
M/D toggles date display format
MARK sets mark at cursor position
MASS UNITS sub-menu
MATCH accesses the pattern matching functions within the
symbolic form
MATRX MTH sub-menu
MATRIX matrix writer application
MEMORY bring up menu
MENU toggles the soft-key menu on or off
MIN+ adjust minutes
MIN- adjust minutes
ML chooses the multiple-line or single-line display for multiline
results
MODES bring up menu
MODL STAT sub-menu
MOVE moves the selected variables to a new directory
MTH bring up menu
NEW stores algebraic or matrix under new name
NEXT display but doesn't execute next object
NONE cancel alarm repeat
NXEQ rotate list in EQ
NXT next screen or menu
OBJ PRG sub-menu
OFF off
OK accepts the values of all fields as they are displayed
ON turn on
ON + + adjust contrast
ON + - adjust contrast
ON + A + F clear all memory
ON + B cancels ON + selection
ON + C bring calculator to known state without clearing memory
ON + D interactive self-test, exit with ON + C
A display CPU speed
B press ENTER for display patterns
C check internal ROM
D check internal RAM
DEL summary of tests
E test keyboard
ENTER initialize test times
F partial keyboard test
G ESD test
H UART loop back test
I wired UART echo
J identify what's plugged in
K port RAM device test
L blank display
M sent time to I/R port
N receive time from I/R port
O wireless loop back test
P writeless UART echo test
S show test start time
T show test fail time
U looping test
V looping test
W looping test
X looping test
Y looping test
Z looping test
ON + E continuous self-test, stop with ON + C
ON + I/O print screen
ON + PRINT graphics screen dump
ON + SPC enters coma mode, which turns off all timers and saves power
ON + TIME cancels next repeating alarm
OPTS selects plot options
PARTS MTH sub-menu
/>PDIM recall PICT size
PICK copies object to level 1
PICT-> copies the current PICT as a GROB to the stack
PLOT bring up menu
PLOTR PLOT sub-menu
POLAR switches rectangular and polar coordinates
PORT0 LIBRARY sub-menu
PORT1 LIBRARY sub-menu
PORT2 LIBRARY sub-menu
POWR UNITS sub-menu
PRED calculated predicted value of a variable from regression model
PRESS UNITS sub-menu
PREV previous screen or menu
/>PREV first menu page
PRG bring up menu
PRINT prints an object
PROB MTH sub-menu
PTYPE PLOT sub-menu
PURG purges selected equation
RAD switches radians and degrees mode
RAD UNITS sub-menu
RCLKEYS recall user key assignments
RECV prepares HP48 to receive data
/>RES recall spacing
RESET reset plot parameters
REVIEW brings up data in appropriate application
ROLL roll object to level 1
ROLLD roll object in level 1 to here
ROOT move cursor to root
RPT TIME sub-menu
RULES equation writer sub-menu
R\<)Z specify polar/cylindrical mode
R\<)\<) specify polar/spherical mode
/>SCALE recall scale
SEC repeating alarm interval
SEC+ adjust seconds
SEC- adjust seconds
SEND send the specified object(s)
SET TIME sub-menu
SET set alarm
SETUP I/O sub-menu
SHADE shade the area between two graphs
SIMU toggles between simultaneous and sequential plotting
of multiple functions
SKIP-> move right over object
SLOPE compute slope
SOLVE bring up menu
SOLVR bring up SOLVE menu
SPC type a space
SPEED UNITS sub-menu
SST single step
SSTv single step enter procedure
STAT bring up menu
STEP executes the next step in a step-wise differentiation
STK PRG sub-menu
STK enable/disable LAST STK
SYM toggle symbolic/numeric results
T-> move term right
/>T-> repeat T-> until no change
TANL draws line tangent to the current function at x-value of
the cursor
TEMP UNITS sub-menu
TEST PRG sub-menu
TIME bring up menu
TIME UINTS sub-menu
TLINE toggles pixels in PICT on line defined by two coordinates
TRACE toggles trace mode on and off
TRG* expand trig and hyp functions of sums and differences
TYPES displays a list of valid object types for selected field
UNITS bring up menu
USR user keyboard: press once and user keyboard is enabled
for one key; press twice and user keyboard is locked
on; third press clears user keyboard
v move down
VAR variable sub-menu
VEC toggles vector and array modes
VECTR MTH sub-menu
VIEW views object in level 1
VISC UNITS sub-menu
VISIT edit object named by level 1 object
vMATCH match and replace, beginning with top level expression
VOL UNITS sub-menu
VZIN zooms in vertically
VZOUT zooms out vertically
WEEK repeating alarm interval
WID-> increase column width
X select X axis zoom
XAUTO select X axis zoom with auto scaling
/>XCOL recall independant variable
/>XRNG recall x axis display range
XY select X and Y axis zoom
XYZ select rectangular mode
Y select Y axis zoom
/>YCOL recall dependant variable
/>YRNG recall Y axis display range
ZAUTO autoscales and redraws the graph
Z-BOX zoom in to box
/>Z-BOX zoom in to box, autoscaling Y
ZDECI scales horizontal axis so every pixel represents 0.1
ZDFLT resets PPAR to current scale settings
ZFACT displays input form to set zoom default factors
ZIN zooms in by a standard factor
ZINTG sets horizontal scale and vertical scale so every pixel
represents 1
ZLAST returns to previous zoom factor
ZOOM GRAPH sub-menu
ZOUT zooms out by a standard factor
ZSQR resets vertical scale to match the horizontal scale
ZTRIG seta horizontal scale so every ten pixels represents pi/2 and
sets vertical scale so every ten pixels represents 1
\Ga alpha keyboard: press once and alpha keyboard is enabled
for one key; press twice and alpha keyboard is locked
on; third press clears alpha keyboard
^ move up
^1 raise to power 1
^MATCH match and replace, beginning with subexpressions
^STK selects interactive stack
|> right arrow
Menus::
SYMBOLIC: COLCT EXPA ISOL QUAD SHOW TAYLR
^MAT vMAT ->Q ->Q\pi | APPLY
QUOT
MTH: VECTR MATR LIST HYP REAL BASE
PROB FFT CMPL CONS
VECTR: ABS DOT CROSS V-> ->V2 ->V3
RECT CYLIN SPHER
MATR: MAKE NORM FACTR COL ROW LSQ
RSD EGV EGVL ->DIAG DIAG->
MAKE: CON IDN TRN RDM RANM SIZE
GET GETI PUT PUTI SUB REPL
MATR
NORM: ABS SNRM RNRM CNRM SRAD COND
RANK DET TRACE MATR
FACTR: RREF LU LQ QR SCHUR SVD
SVL MATR
COL: ->COL COL-> COL+ COL- CSWP MATR
ROW: ->ROW ROW-> ROW+ ROW- RCI RCIJ
RSWP MATR
LIST: \GDLIST \GSLIST \GPILIST SORT REVLI ADD
HYP: SINH ASINH COSH ACOSH TANH ATAN
EXPM LNP1
PROB: COMB PERM ! RAND RDZ
UTPC UTPF UTPN UTPT NDIST
REAL: % %CH %T MIN MAX MOD
ABS SIGN MANT XPON IP FP
RND TRNC FLOOR CEIL D->R R->D
BASE: HEX DEC OCT BIN R->B B->R
LOGIC BIT BYTE STWS RCWS
LOGIC: AND OR XOR NOT BASE
BIT: RL SL ASR SR RR BASE
BYTE: RLB SLB SRB RRB BASE
FFT: FFT IFFT
CMPL: RE IM C->R R->C ABS ARG
SIGN NEG CONJ
CONS: E 2.718 I (0,1) \Gpi 3.141
MINR 1.E-4 MAXR 9.999
PRG: BRCH TEST TYPE LIST GROB PICT
IN OUT RUN ERROR
BRCH: IF CASE START FOR DO WHILE
IFT IFTE
IF: IF THEN ELSE END BRCH
CASE: CASE THEN END BRCH
START: START NEXT STEP BRCH
FOR: FOR NEXT STEP BRCH
DO: DO UNTIL END BRCH
WHILE: WHILE REPEA END BRCH
TEST: == \=/ < > <= >=
AND OR XOR NOT SAME TYPE
SF CF FS? FC? FS?C FC?C
LININ
TYPE: OBJ-> ->ARR ->LIST ->STR ->TAG ->UNIT
C->R R->C NUM CHR DTAG EQ->
TYPE VTYPE
LIST: ELEM PROC OBJ-> ->LIST SUB REPL
ELEM: GET GETI PUT PUTI SIZE POS
HEAD TAIL
PROC: DOLIS DOSUB NSUB ENDS STREA REVLI
SORT SEQ
GROB: ->GRO BLAN GOR GXOR SUB REPL
->LCD LCD-> SIZE ANIM
PICT: PICT PDIM LINE TLINE BOX ARC
PIIXON PIXOF PIX? PVIEW PX->C C->PX
IN: INFOR NOVA CHOOS INPUT KEY WAIT
PROM
OUT: PVIEW TEXT CLLCD DISP FREEZ MSGB
BEEP
RUN: DBUG SST SSTv NEXT HALT KILL
OFF
ERROR: DOERR ERRN ERRM ERR0 LASTA IFERR
IFERR: IFERR THEN ELSE END ERROR
CHAR: SUB REPL POS SIZE NUM CHR
OBJ-> ->STR HEAD TAIL
CST: custom menu
EDIT: <-SKIP SKIP-> <-DEL DEL-> INS ^STK
EQUATION: type <| to activate SELECTION menu
SELECTION:RULES EDIT EXPR SUB REPL EXIT
RULES: DNEG DINV *1 ^1 /1 +1-1
COLCT
these are not in proper order:
(()) (<- ->) <--> <-M M->
<-A A-> ->() <-D D-> AF
-() 1/() L* L() E^ E()
->DEF TRG*
MODES: FMT ANGL FLAG KEYS MENU MISC
FMT: STD FIX SCI ENG FM, ML
MODE
ANGL: DEG RAD GRAD RECT CYLIN SPHER
MODE
FLAG: SF CF FS? FC? FS?C FC?C
STOF RCLF RESET MODE
KEYS: ASN STOK RCLK DELK MODE
MENU: MENU CST TMEN RCLM MODE
MISC: BEEP CLK SYM STK ARG CMD
INFO MODE
MEMORY: MEM BYTES NEWO DIR ARITH
ARCHI RESTO
DIR: PATH CRDIR PGDIR VARS TVARS ORDER
MEM
ARITH: STO+ STO- STO* STO/ INCR DECR
SINV SNEG SCON MEM
STACK: OVER ROT ROLL ROLLD PICK DEPTH
DUP DUP2 DUPN DROP2 DRPN
SOLVE: ROOT DIFFE POLY SYS TVM
ROOT: SOLVR ROOT EQ SOLVE
DIFFE: RKF RRK RKFS RRKS RKFE RSBER
SOLVE
POLY: PROOT PCOEF PEVAL SOLVE
SYS: / LSQ RSD SOLVE
TVM: SOLVR TVMR AMOR BEG SOLVE
SOLVR: N I%YR PV PMT FV AMRT
PYR BEG
PLOT: PTYPE PPAR EQ ERASE DRZX DRAW
3D STAT FLAG LABEL AUTO INFO
PTYPE: FUNC CONIC POLAR PARA TRUTH DIFFE
PLOT
PPAR: INDEP DEPN XRNG YRNG RES RESET
CENT SCALE *W *H AXES ATICK
PPAR INFO PLOT
3D: PTYPE VPAR EQ PLOT
PTYPE: SLOPE WIREF YSLIC PCON GRID PARSU
3D
VPAR: XVOL YVOL ZVOL XXRN YYRN INFO
EYEPT NUMX NUMY VPAR RESET INFO
3D
STAT: PTYPE DATA \GSPAR PLOT
PTYPE: BAR HISTO SCATT STAT
DATA: \GS+ \GS- CL\GS \GSDAT STAT
\GSPAR: XCOL YCOL MODL \GSPAR RESET INFO
STAT
MODL: LINFI LOGFI EXPFI PWRFI BESTF \GSPAR
FLAG: AXES CNCT SIMU PLOT
TIME: DATE ->DAT TIME ->TIM TICKS ALRM
DATE+ DDAYS ->HMS HMS-> HMS+ HMS-
TSTR CLKA
ALRM: ACK ACKA STOAL RCLAL DELAL FINDA
TIME
STAT: DATA \GSPAR 1VAR PLOT FIT SUMS
DATA: \GS+ \GS- CL\GS \GSDAT STAT
\GSPAR: XCOL YCOL MODL \GSPAR RESET INFO
STAT
MODL: LINFI LOGFI EXPFI PWRFI BESTF \GSPAR
1VAR: TOT MEAN SDEV MAX\GS MIN\GS BINS
VAR PSDEV PVAR STAT
PLOT: BARPL HISTP SCATR STAT
FIT: \GSLINE LR PREDX PREDY CORR COV
PCOV STAT
SUMS: \GSX \GSY \GSX^2 \GSY^2 \GSX*Y N\GS
STAT
I/O: SRVR IOPAR PRINT PR1 SEND RECV
SERIA KERR RECN CLOSE XSEN XRECV
SRVR: SERVE PKT KGET FINIS I/O
IOPSR: IR ASCII BAUD PARIT CKSM TRAN
IOPAR RESET INFO I/O
PRINT: PRVAR PRST PRSTC PRLCD CR PRTPA
PR1 I/O
PRTPA: DELAY OLDPR PRTPA RESET INFO PRINT
SERIA: XMIT SRECV STIME SBRK BUFLE OPENI
I/O
LIBRARY: PORTS PVARS LIBS MERG FREE1 DETAC
ATTAC
PORTS: :0: (:1:) (:2:) etc.
UNITS: LENG AREA VOL TIME SPEED MASS
FORCE ENRG POWR PRESS TEMP ELEC
ANGL LIGHT RAD VISC
LENG: M CM MM YD FT IN
MPC PC LYR AU KM MI
NMI MIUS CHAIN RD FATH FTUS
MIL \Gm A FERMI
AREA: M^2 CM^2 B YD^2 FT^2 IN^2
KM^2 HA A MI^2 MIUS^ ACRE
VOL: M^3 ST CM^3 YD^3 FT^3 IN^3
L GALU GALC GAL QT PT
ML CU OZFL OZUK TBSP TSP
BBL BU PK FBM
TIME: YR D H MIN S HZ
SPEED: M/S CM/S FT/S KPH MPH KNOT
C GA
MASS: KG G LB OZ SLUG LBT
TON TONU T OZT CT GRAIN
U MOL
FORCE: N DYN GF KIP LBF PDL
ENRG: J ERG KCAL CAL BTU FT*LB
THER MEV EV
POWR: W HP
PRESS: PA ATM BAR PSI TORR MMH
INHG INH20
TEMP: \^oC \^oF K \^oR
ELEC: V A C \GW F W
FDY H MHO S T WB
ANGL: \^o R GRAD ARCMI ARCS SR
LIGHT: FC FLAM LX PH SB LM
CD LAM
RAD: GY RAD REM SV BQ CI
R
VISC: P ST
unit: adds the unit to the current object (real number)
<\unit: convert to unit
/>unit: divide the current object by unit
<\UNITS:CONV UBASE UVAL UFACT ->UNIT
VAR: user variables
name does EVAL
<\name does STO
/>name does RCL
EQ LIB: EQLIB COLIB MES UTILS
EQLIB: EQNLI SOLVE MSOL EQLIB
COLIB: CONLI CONS EQLIB
MES: MSOL MINIT MITM MUSE MCAL MROO
EQLIB
UTILS: MINE ZFACT FANNI DARCY F0\Gl SIDEN
TDELT TINC GMOL LBMO RPM DB
EQLIB
PICTURE: ZOOM (X,Y) TRACE FCN EDIT CANCL
ZOOM: ZFACT BOXZ ZIN ZOUT ZSQR ZDFLT
HZIN HZOUT VZIN VZOUT CNTR ZAUTO
ZDECI ZINTG ZTRIG ZLAST PICT
ZFACT: (zoom factor form)
BOXZ: CANCL ZOOM
FCN: ROOT ISECT SLOPE AREA SHADE EXTR
F(X) F' TANL NXEQ VIEW PICT
EDIT: DOT+ DOT- LINE TLINE BOX CIRCL
MARK +/- LABEL DEL ERASE MENU
SUB REPL PICT-> X,Y-> PICT
Built-In Equations from the Equation Library:
1. Columns and Beams
Elastic Buckling
Eccentric Columns
Simple Deflection
Simple Slope
Simple Moment
Simple Shear
Cantilever Deflection
Cantilever Slope
Cantilever Moment
Cantilever Shear
2. Electricity
Coloumb's Law
Ohm's Law and Power
Voltage Divider
Current Divider
Wire Resistance
Series and Parallel R
Series and Parallel C
Series and Parallel L
Capacitive Energy
Inductive Energy
RLC Current Delay
DC Capacitor Current
Capacitor Charge
DC Inductor Voltage
RC Transient
RL Transient
Resonant Frequency
Plate Capacitor
Cylindrical Capacitor
Solenoid Inductance
Toroid Inductance
Sinusoidal Voltage
Sinusoidal Current
3. Fluids
Pressure at Depth
Bernoulli Equation
Flow with Losses
Flow in Full Pipes
4. Forces and Energy
Linear Machanics
Angular Mechanics
Centripetal Force
Hooke's Law
1D Elastic Collisions
Drag Force
Law of Gravitation
Mass-Energy Relation
5. Gases
Ideal Gas Law
Ideal Gas State Change
Isothermal Expansion
Polytropic Processes
Isentropic Flow
Real Gas Law
Real Gas State Change
Kinetic Theory
6. Heat Transfer
Heat Capacity
Thermal Expansion
Conduction
Convection
Conduction + Convection
Black Body Radiation
7. Magnetism
Straignt Wire
Force Between Wires
B Field in Solenoid
B Field in Toroid
8. Motion
Linear Motion
Object in Free Fall
Projectile Motion
Angular Motion
Circular Motion
Terminal Velocity
Escape Velocity
9. Optics
Law of Refraction
Critical Angle
Brewster's Law
Spherical Reflection
Spherical Refraction
Thin Lens
10. Oscillations
Mass-Spring System
Simple Pendulum
Conical Pendulum
Torsional Pendulum
Simple Harmonic
11. Plane Geometry
Circle
Ellipse
Rectangle
Regular Polygon
Circular Ring
Triangle
12. Solid Geometry
Cone
Cylinder
Parallelepiped
Sphere
13. Solid State Devices
PN Step Junctions
NMOS Transistors
Bipolar Transistors
JFETs
14. Stress Analysis
Normal Stress
Shear Stress
Stress on an Element
Mohr's Circle
15. Waves
Transverse Waves
Longitudinal Waves
Sound Waves
Bugs/ROM-Versions::
K First HP 48G/GX released; includes various bugs affecting
ports. Therefore, version K was built only into HP 48G units.
L Second HP 48G/GX released; fixed the port bugs. This ROM
version is that present in the 2,000 HP 48GXs sold at the ASEE
conference for $90 apiece.
M Fixes a variety of bugs and includes a new display with better
contrast.
LM There is a bug that can easily cause memory to be reset if (1)
the clock display is turned on, (2) a 128 KB RAM card is
plugged in, and (3) the calculator is turned on and off (this
may have to be done once, or numerous times).
KLM If current equation writer equation GROB is larger than the
LCD, the CHARS browser display will be corrupted.
KLM If RAM cards are plugged into both ports and a library is
stored into port 2, then a port-1 card that is not write-protected
may be corrupted.
P Current version as of 1/94.
P XROOT gives results as if two stack levels are reversed if one
of the two elements is a list.
Notes::
The key label colors are chalele? green ("teal") and purple rain
("purple"). The case is gray (deep green, gun metal blue?).
There is space for an engraved nameplate on the back.
Ports 1 and 2 are swapped from the 48SX.
The CPU code name Yorke refers to black member of Lewis & Clarke expedition.
The RULES command puts up a crossword-style display that has the names
of the product designers. (Information from Wlodek Mier-Jedrzejowicz.)
From Datafile V14N1 page 6 by Dave Arnett (HP):
From the World Book Encyclopaedia:
---
Charlemagne's grandfather, Charles Martel (688-741) ruled the
Merovingian Frans. For repeatedly attacking the Moslems,
Charles received the title of Martel, meaning the Hammer.
---
The Palace School, set up at Charlemagne's capital in Aachen
under the leadership of English scholar Alcuin (735-804)
stimulated interest in education, philosophy, and literature.
---
The HP48GX was code named Hammer to signify our commitment to
repeatedly attacking in the Scientific Calculator market.
---
The HP48G was code named Alcuin in that we hoped to reach
college-bound studends with this product and help them have
the skills and interest to excel in their future studies,
even before high school graduation.
Price changes:
1995-01-01 $265
1999-mid $179.95
circa 2001-03 Office Depot cost reported to be $35
----------------------------------------------------------------------
+--------------------+
| WHAT'S NEW |
| IN THE HP48 G/GX |
+--------------------+
collected & annotated
by Joseph K. Horn
(1) AUTOMATIC LIST PROCESSING.
Almost all commands that did not accept a list as one of their
arguments can do so now. Here are just a few examples:
{ 1 2 3 } SF sets flags 1, 2, and 3
{ 1 2 3 } SQ returns { 1 4 9 }
{ 1 2 3 } { 4 5 6 } * returns { 4 10 18 }
{ freq dur freq dur ... } BEEP can play a song with no
audible hiccup between tones.
Since + has always been used to concatenate lists, a new ADD
function exists to add the elements of two lists, like this:
{ 1 2 3 } { 4 5 6 } ADD returns { 5 7 9 }, whereas
{ 1 2 3 } { 4 5 6 } + returns { 1 2 3 4 5 6 } as it did
before.
(2) PORTS.
Only port 1 can be merged in the GX. Card slot 2, which is
intended for large-capacity RAM cards, is permanently "free", and
is automatically divided up into 128K "ports", each of which
becomes Port 2, Port 3, Port 4, etc. Up to 4 Megabytes can be
plugged into slot 2, which would then become Port 2 through Port
33. (Although the FREE and MERGE commands were kept for HP 48SX
compatibility, GX users will prefer the new FREE1 and MERGE1
commands). Therefore the maximum amount of merged main memory is
256K (unlike the SX which allowed up to 288K) after MERGE1; the
maximum amount of fully online free independent memory is 4224K
after FREE1.
(3) LOCAL VARIABLES.
Variable names prefixed with a <- (backarrow character) are
compiled as local (temporary) variable name objects even if
they're not explicitly after FOR or ->. This allows programs to
share values through local variables, which is much faster than
sharing values through global variables, and they get purged
automatically.
(4) SPEED.
CPU clock speed is double the S/SX's, but throughput is estimated
to be only 40% faster, primarily due to the fact that *all* RAM &
ROM is now bankswitched (on the S/SX only a 32K portion of the ROM
required bank switching), and it still has the same 4-bit bus
bottleneck.
(5) IMPROVED COMMANDS:
AXES can now also specify the spacing of the tick marks.
DEPND can now also specify the initial values and tolerance
for the new DIFFEQ plot type.
(6) HP SOLVE EQUATION LIBRARY CARD COMMANDS:
AMORT, amortization calculations
CONLIB, starts Constants Library catalog
CONST, returns value of a named CONLIB constant
DARCY, calculates Darcy friction factor
EQNLIB, starts Equation Library catalog
F0lambda, calculates black-body power fraction
FANNING, calculates Fanning friction factor
MCALC, marks an MSOLVR variable as "not user-defined"
MINEHUNT, starts the "Minehunt" video game
MINIT, initializes Mpar from 'EQ' for MSOLVR
MITM, customizes title & menu of MSOLVR's screen
MROOT, solve for variable(s) in MSOLVR
MSOLVR, shows Multiple Equation Solver menu
MUSER, marks an MSOLVR variable as "user-defined"
SIDENS, density of silicon as function of temperature
SOLVEQN, starts solver for specified EqLib equation(s)
TDELTA, subtracts temperatures like "-" ought to but doesn't
TINC, adds temperatures like "+" ought to but doesn't
TVM, shows the financial calculator (Time Value of Money) menu
TVMBEG, sets payments-at-beginning-of-periods mode
TVMEND, sets payments-at-end-of-periods mode
TVMROOT, solves for a TVM variable
ZFACTOR, calculates gas compressibility factor Z
Note: The EQ Card's Periodic Table and Tetris game are *not* in
the HP 48G/GX.
(7) NEW ARRAY COMMANDS:
COL+, inserts a column vector into a matrix or a number into a
vector (like INSCOL/PUTCOL in Donnelly's Tool Library)
COL-, deletes a column from a matrix or number from a vector
(identical to DELCOL in Donnelly's Tool Library)
COL->, combines multiple column vectors into a matrix
->COL, breaks a matrix into multiple column vectors
(like repeated GETCOL in Donnelly's Tool Library)
COND, column norm condition number of a square matrix
CSWP, swaps two columns in a matrix
(like EXCOL in Donnelly's Tool Library)
->DIAG, returns vector of major diagonal elements of a matrix
DIAG->, creates matrix with specified diagonal elements
EGV, eigenvalues and right eigenvectors of a square matrix
EGVL, eigenvalues of a square matrix
FFT, discrete Fourier transform
IFFT, inverse discrete Fourier transform
LQ, returns the LQ factorization of a matrix
LSQ, minimum norm least-squares solution to an ill-determined
system of linear equations
LU, returns the Crout LU decomposition of a square matrix
PCOEF, returns polynomial with given roots (inverse of PROOT)
PEVAL, evaluates polynomial at x
PROOT, finds all roots of polynomial (inverse of PCOEF)
QR, returns QR factorization of a matrix
RANK, rank of a rectangular matrix (uses flag -54)
RANM, creates matrix with random elements
RCI, multiplies elements in one row of a matrix by a scalar
RCIJ, does RCI then adds the result to a row
ROW+, inserts a row vector into a matrix or a number into a vector
(like INSROW/PUTROW in Donnelly's Tool Library)
ROW-, deletes a row from a matrix or number from a vector
(identical to DELROW in Donnelly's Tool Library)
ROW->, combines multiple row vectors into a matrix
->ROW, breaks a matrix into multiple row vectors
(like repeated GETROW in Donnelly's Tool Library)
RSWP, swaps two rows in a matrix
(identical to EXROW in Donnelly's Tool Library)
SCHUR, computes the Schur decomposition of a square matrix
SNRM, spectral norm of an array
SRAD, spectral radius of a square matrix
SVD, singular value decomposition of a matrix
SVL, computes the singular values of a matrix
TRACE, sum of diagonal elements of a square matrix
(8) GRAPHICS & PLOTTING COMMANDS:
ANIMATE, displays grobs on the stack sequentially. You can use
the defaults, or specify your own delay between frames
(can be *very* fast), the number of times to repeat the
sequence, and even the pixel coordinates. It's just like
a ROLL REPL loop... except very fast.
Note: Charlie Patton converted 17 seconds of the Apollo
moon-walk video into HP48 GROBs and ran them with
ANIMATE, and it looked very good!
ATICK, specifies tick spacing on plot axes
EYEPT, specifies the eye-point coordinates in a perspective plot
GRIDMAP, selects the new "gridmap" plot type
PARSURFACE, selects the new "parametric surface" plot type
PCONTOUR, selects the new "pcontour" plot type
PICTURE, same as GRAPH command
SLOPEFIELD, selects the new "slopefield" plot type
WIREFRAME, selects the new "wireframe" plot type
XVOL, sets the width of the 3D plotting volume
XXRNG, sets the width of the 3D target mapping range for gridmap
and parametric surface plots
YSLICE, selects the new "yslice" plot type
YVOL, sets the depth of the 3D plotting volume
YYRNG, sets the depth of the 3D target mapping range for gridmap
and parametric surface plots
ZVOL, sets the height of the 3D plotting volume
(9) USER-INTERFACE COMMANDS:
CHOOSE, displays a point-and-click menu "dialog box"
INFORM, formatted multi-line input with named fields (nice!!)
MSGBOX, displays text in a centered box with shadow, then WAITs
NOVAL, placeholder for unspecified values in INFORM argument list
(10) LIST PROCESSING COMMANDS:
ADD, adds lists element-wise (see section #1 above)
DOLIST, evals an object on multiple lists
DOSUBS, evals a program or command taking arguments from a list
ENDSUBS, returns the number of loops the current DOSUBS will do
HEAD, first element in a list or first char in a string
(identical to CAR in Donnelly's Tool Library)
DeltaLIST, list of first finite differences of list objects
SigmaLIST, sum of the elements in a list
PiLIST, product of the elements in a list
NSUB, returns the current list pointer value during a DOSUBS
REVLIST, reverses the order of the objects in a list
(like REVERSE in Donnelly's Tool Library)
SEQ, list of results from repeated execution of an object
(like a FOR/STEP loop but the results go into a list)
SORT, sorts elements in a list into ascending order, or sorts a
list of lists using each list's first element as the key
(can be done with LSORT/QSORT in Donnelly's Tool Library)
STREAM, executes an object on first two elements of a list, then
again on the result and the 3rd element, etc. Allows
easy creation of things similar to SigmaLIST and PiList.
TAIL, returns a decapitated list or string (see HEAD above)
(identical to CDR in Donnelly's Tool Library)
(11) SYSTEM COMMANDS:
CYLIN, sets polar/cylindrical coordinate mode
FREE1, like 1 FREE (see section #2 above)
MERGE1, like 1 MERGE (see section #2 above)
PINIT, port initialize, esp. important for 4-Meg RAM card users
RECT, sets rectangular coordinate mode
SPHERE, sets polar/spherical coordinate mode
TEACH, loads the Owner's Manual examples into a dir in HOME
VERSION, returns the operating system ROM version string
Note: first 48G's will be version "K"; first 48GX's will
be version "L" due to the removal of a port management
bug in version "K" which does not affect the 48G.
XRECV, Xmodem protocol receive (binary mode only)
XSEND, Xmodem protocol send (binary mode only)
(11) MATH COMMANDS:
LININ, tests whether an equation is linear in a given variable
NDIST, normal probability density
PCOV, population covariance of SigmaDAT
PSDEV, population standard deviation of SigmaDAT
PVAR, population variance of SigmaDAT
RKF, solves initial value problem using Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg
RKFERR, change in solution and absolute error using RKF
RKFSTEP, next solution step with given error tolerance using RKF
RRK, solves initial value problem using Rosenbrock & RKF
RRKSTEP, next solution step with given error tolerance using RRK
RSBERR, change in solution and absolute error using Rosenbrock
(12) MENU NUMBERS & KEY CODES.
Many menu numbers have changed, so software that uses # MENU or #
TMENU may not work the same as in the HP 48S/SX. (Specifically,
only menu numbers 0-3, 28, 30, and 42-59 are the same). Likewise,
almost all of the shifted keycodes correspond to new commands and
menus, which programmers must take into account; for example, the
"RAD" key on the S/SX had the keycode 82.2, but it's 21.2 on the
G/GX. The left-shift key, which was orange on the S/SX, is now
purple [officially "lavender"], and the right-shift key which was
blue on the S/SX is now green [officially "teal"] on the G/GX.
Also, the digit-key menus can be activated by both shift keys;
left-shift gives the softkey menus like in the S/SX, but the
right-shift gives the new user-friendly full-screen menus.
The unshifted keys remain identical to the S/SX, except for a
cosmetic color change to match the very dark green of the
calculator case.
(13) MANUALS.
The G/GX comes with two manuals, a "Getting Started" manual for
newbies, and a cost-cutting, slimmer owner's manual called the
"User's Guide" which will *not* cover programming in depth, since
HP figures that the huge majority of all 48 owners never program
it anyway. The few power users (namely, us!) can buy the
optional "Advanced Users Guide" (similar to the S/SX's
"Programmer's Reference Manual") which covers programming and
other topics.
Note: The accuracy and completeness of this list is in no way
guaranteed, but I included everything I could find and tried to make
it all clear. Please post addenda & corrigenda as you discover them
so that we S/SX owners can all make a fast transition to the G/GX.
(14) SUB and REPL now work with matrices to extract or substitute
submatrices from/into matrices on the stack.
------------------------------------------------------------
HP48G/GX Key Locator Chart
-----------------------------
Key Menu
---- -----------------
! MTH PROB
% MTH REAL
%CH MTH REAL
%T MTH REAL
(0,1) MTH CONS
\->ARR PRG TYPE
\->COL MTH MATR COL
\->DAT TIME
\->DIAG MTH MATR
\->GRO PRG GROB
\->HMS TIME
\->LCD PRG GROB
\->LIST PRG LIST
\->LIST PRG TYPE
\->ROW MTH MATR ROW
\->STR CHAR
\->STR PRG TYPE
\->TAG PRG TYPE
\->TIM TIME
\->UNIT <-UNITS (left-shift UNITS)
\->UNIT PRG TYPE
\->V2 MTH VECTR
\->V3 MTH VECTR
1.E-4 MTH CONS
2.718 MTH CONS
3.141 MTH CONS
9.999 MTH CONS
< PRG TEST
<-DEL EDIT
<-SKIP EDIT
<= PRG TEST
== PRG TEST
> PRG TEST
>= PRG TEST
A UNITS AREA
A UNITS ELEC
A(angstrom) UNITS LENG
ABS MTH CMPL
ABS MTH MATR NORM
ABS MTH REAL
ABS MTH VECTR
ACK TIME ALRM
ACKA TIME ALRM
ACOSH MTH HYP
ACRE UNITS AREA
ADD MTH LIST
ALRM TIME
AND MTH BASE LOGIC
AND PRG TEST
ANIMATE PRG GROB
ARC PRG PICT
ARCHIVE MEMORY
ARCMI UNITS ANGL
ARCS UNITS ANGL
ARG MODES MISC
ARG MTH CMPL
ASCII I/O IOPAR
ASINH MTH HYP
ASN MODES KEYS
ASR MTH BASE BIT
ATANH MTH HYP
ATM UNITS PRESS
ATTACH LIBRARY
AU UNITS LENG
B UNITS AREA
B\->R MTH BASE
BAR UNITS PRESS
BARPL STAT PLOT
BAUD I/O IOPAR
BBL UNITS VOL
BEEP MODES MISC
BEEP PRG OUT
BESTF STAT \GSPAR MODL
BIN MTH BASE
BINS STAT 1VAR
BLANK PRG GROB
BOR PRG GROB
BOX PRG PICT
BQ UNITS RAD
BTU UNITS ENRG
BU UNITS VOL
BUFLE I/O SERIA
BXOR PRG GROB
BYTES MEMORY
C UNITS ELEC
C UNITS SPEED
C\->PX PRG PICT
C\->R MTH CMPL
C\->R PRG TYPE
CAL UNITS ENRG
CASE PRG BRCH CASE
CD UNITS LIGHT
CEIL MTH REAL
CF MODES FLAG
CF PRG TEST
CHAIN UNITS LENG
CHOOSE PRG IN
CHR CHAR
CHR PRG TYPE
CI UNITS RAD
CKSM I/O IOPAR
CLK MODES MISC
CLKA TIME
CLLCD PRG OUT
CLOSE I/O
CL\GS STAT DATA
CM UNITS LENG
CM/S UNITS SPEED
CMD MODES MISC
CM^2 UNITS AREA
CM^3 UNITS VOL
CNRM MTH MATR NORM
COL+ MTH MATR COL
COL- MTH MATR COL
COL\-> MTH MATR COL
COMB MTH PROB
CON MTH MATR NORM
COND MTH MATR NORM
CONJ MTH CMPL
CONLI EQ LIB COLIB
CONS EQ LIB COLIB
CONV <-UNITS
CORR STAT FIT
COSH MTH HYP
COV STAT FIT
CR I/O PRINT
CRDIR MEMORY DIR
CROSS MTH VECTR
CST MODES MENU
CSWP MTH MATR COL
CT UNITS MASS
CU UNITS VOL
CYLIN MODES ANGL
CYLIN MTH VECTR
D UNITS TIME
D\->R MTH REAL
DARCY EQ LIB UTILS
DATE TIME
DATE+ TIME
DB EQ LIB UTILS
DBUG PRG RUN
DDAYS TIME
DEC MTH BASE
DECR MEMORY ARITH
DEG MODES ANGL
DEL\-> EDIT
DELAL TIME ALRM
DELAY I/O PRINT PRTPA
DELK MODES KEYS
DEPTH STACK
DET MTH MATR NORM
DETACH LIBRARY
DIAG\-> MTH MATR
DISP PRG OUT
DO PRG BRCH DO
DOERR PRG ERROR
DOLIS PRG LIST PROC
DOSUB PRG LIST PROC
DOT MTH VECTR
DROP2 STACK
DRPN STACK
DTAG PRG TYPE
DUP STACK
DUP2 STACK
DUPN STACK
DYN UNITS FORCE
E MTH CONS
EGV MTH MATR
EGVL MTH MATR
ELSE PRG BRCH IF
ELSE PRG ERROR IFERR
END MODES FMT
END PRG BRCH CASE
END PRG BRCH DO
END PRG BRCH IF
END PRG BRCH WHILE
END PRG ERROR IFERR
ENDS PRG LIST PROC
EQ\-> PRG TYPE
EQNLI EQ LIB EQLIB
ERG UNITS ENRG
ERR0 PRG ERROR
ERRM PRG ERROR
ERRN PRG ERROR
EV UNITS ENRG
EXPFI STAT \GSPAR MODL
EXPM MTH HYP
F UNITS ELEC
F0\Gl EQ LIB UTILS
FANNI EQ LIB UTILS
FATH UNITS LENG
FBM UNITS VOL
FC UNITS LIGHT
FC? MODES FLAG
FC? PRG TEST
FC?C MODES FLAG
FC?C PRG TEST
FDY UNITS ELEC
FERMI UNITS LENG
FFT MTH FFT
FINDA TIME ALRM
FINIS I/O SRVR
FIX MODES FMT
FLAM UNITS LIGHT
FLOOR MTH REAL
FM, MODES FMT
FOR PRG BRCH FOR
FP MTH REAL
FREE1 LIBRARY
FREEZE PRG OUT
FS? MODES FLAG
FS? PRG TEST
FS?C MODES FLAG
FS?C PRG TEST
FT UNITS LENG
FT*LB UNITS ENRG
FT/S UNITS SPEED
FTUS UNITS LENG
FT^2 UNITS AREA
FT^3 UNITS VOL
G UNITS MASS
GA UNITS SPEED
GAL UNITS VOL
GALC UNITS VOL
GALU UNITS VOL
GET MTH MATR NORM
GET PRG LIST ELEM
GETI MTH MATR NORM
GETI PRG LIST ELEM
GF UNITS FORCE
GMOL EQ LIB UTILS
GRAD MODES ANGL
GRAD UNITS ANGL
GRAIN UNITS MASS
GY UNITS RAD
H UNITS ELEC
H UNITS TIME
HA UNITS AREA
HALT PRG RUN
HEAD CHAR
HEAD PRG LIST ELEM
HEX MTH BASE
HISTP STAT PLOT
HMS+ TIME
HMS- TIME
HMS\-> TIME
HP UNITS POWR
HZ UNITS TIME
I MTH CONS
IDN MTH MATR NORM
IF PRG BRCH IF
IFERR PRG ERROR IFERR
IFFT MTH FFT
IFT PRG BRCH
IFTE PRG BRCH
IM MTH CMPL
IN UNITS LENG
INCR MEMORY ARITH
INFO I/O IOPAR
INFO I/O PRINT PRTPA
INFO MODES MISC
INFO STAT \GSPAR
INFORM PRG IN
INH2O UNITS PRESS
INHG UNITS PRESS
INPUT PRG IN
INS EDIT
IN^2 UNITS AREA
IN^3 UNITS VOL
IOPAR I/O IOPAR
IP MTH REAL
IR I/O IOPAR
J UNITS ENRG
K UNITS TEMP
KCAL UNITS ENRG
KERR I/O
KEY PRG IN
KG UNITS MASS
KGET I/O SRVR
KILL PRG RUN
KIP UNITS FORCE
KM UNITS LENG
KM^2 UNITS AREA
KNOT UNITS SPEED
KPH UNITS SPEED
L UNITS VOL
LAM UNITS LIGHT
LASTA PRG ERROR
LB UNITS MASS
LBF UNITS FORCE
LBMO EQ LIB UTILS
LBT UNITS MASS
LCD\-> PRG GROB
LIBS LIBRARY
LINE PRG PICT
LINFI STAT \GSPAR MODL
LININ PRG TEST
LM UNITS LIGHT
LNP1 MTH HYP
LOGFI STAT \GSPAR MODL
LQ MTH MATR FACTR
LR STAT FIT
LSQ MTH MATR
LU MTH MATR FACTR
LX UNITS LIGHT
LYR UNITS LENG
M UNITS LENG
M/S UNITS SPEED
MANT MTH REAL
MAX MTH REAL
MAXR MTH CONS
MAX\GS STAT 1VAR
MCAL EQ LIB MES
MEAN STAT 1VAR
MEM MEMORY
MENU MODES MENU
MERG LIBRARY
MEV UNITS ENRG
MHO UNITS ELEC
MI UNITS LENG
MIL UNITS LENG
MIN MTH REAL
MIN UNITS TIME
MINE EQ LIB UTILS
MINIT EQ LIB MES
MINR MTH CONS
MIN\GS STAT 1VAR
MITM EQ LIB MES
MIUS UNITS LENG
MIUS^2 UNITS AREA
MI^2 UNITS AREA
ML MODES FMT
ML UNITS VOL
MM UNITS LENG
MMH UNITS PRESS
MOD MTH REAL
MOL UNITS MASS
MPC UNITS LENG
MPH UNITS SPEED
MROO EQ LIB MES
MSGB PRG OUT
MSOL EQ LIB EQLIB
MSOL EQ LIB MES
MUSE EQ LIB MES
M^2 UNITS AREA
M^3 UNITS VOL
N UNITS FORCE
NDIST MTH PROB
NEG MTH CMPL
NEWO MEMORY
NEXT PRG BRCH FOR
NEXT PRG BRCH START
NEXT PRG RUN
NMI UNITS LENG
NOT MTH BASE LOGIC
NOT PRG TEST
NOVA PRG IN
NSUB PRG LIST PROC
NUM CHAR
NUM PRG TYPE
N\GS STAT SUMS
OBJ\-> CHAR
OBJ\-> PRG LIST
OBJ\-> PRG TYPE
OCT MTH BASE
OFF PRG RUN
OLDPR I/O PRINT PRTPA
OPENI I/O SERIA
OR MTH BASE LOGIC
OR PRG TEST
ORDER MEMORY DIR
OVER STACK
OZ UNITS MASS
OZFL UNITS VOL
OZT UNITS MASS
OZUK UNITS VOL
P UNITS VISC
PA UNITS PRESS
PARIT I/O IOPAR
PATH MEMORY DIR
PC UNITS LENG
PCOV STAT FIT
PDIM PRG PICT
PDL UNITS FORCE
PERM MTH PROB
PGDIR MEMORY DIR
PH UNITS LIGHT
PICK STACK
PICT PRG PICT
PIX? PRG PICT
PIXOF PRG PICT
PIXON PRG PICT
PK UNITS VOL
PKT I/O SRVR
POS CHAR
POS PRG LIST ELEM
PR1 I/O
PR1 I/O PRINT
PREDX STAT FIT
PREDY STAT FIT
PRLCD I/O PRINT
PROMPT PRG IN
PRST I/O PRINT
PRSTC I/O PRINT
PRTPA I/O PRINT PRTPA
PRVAR I/O PRINT
PSDEV STAT 1VAR
PSI UNITS PRESS
PT UNITS VOL
PUT MTH MATR NORM
PUT PRG LIST ELEM
PUTI MTH MATR NORM
PUTI PRG LIST ELEM
PVAR STAT 1VAR
PVARS LIBRARY
PVIEW PRG OUT
PVIEW PRG PICT
PWRFI STAT \GSPAR MODL
PX->C PRG PICT
QR MTH MATR FACTR
QT UNITS VOL
R UNITS ANGL
R UNITS RAD
R\->B MTH BASE
R\->C MTH CMPL
R\->C PRG TYPE
R\->D MTH REAL
RAD MODES ANGL
RAD UNITS RAD
RAND MTH PROB
RANK MTH MATR NORM
RANM MTH MATR NORM
RCI MTH MATR ROW
RCIJ MTH MATR ROW
RCLAL TIME ALRM
RCLF MODES FLAG
RCLK MODES KEYS
RCLM MODES MENU
RCWS MTH BASE
RD UNITS LENG
RDM MTH MATR NORM
RDZ MTH PROB
RE MTH CMPL
RECN I/O
RECT MODES ANGL
RECT MTH VECTR
RECV I/O
REM UNITS RAD
REPEAT PRG BRCH WHILE
REPL CHAR
REPL MTH MATR NORM
REPL PRG GROB
REPL PRG LIST
RESET I/O IOPAR
RESET I/O PRINT PRTPA
RESET MODES FLAG
RESET STAT \GSPAR
RESTORE MEMORY
REVLI MTH LIST
REVLI PRG LIST PROC
RL MTH BASE BIT
RLB MTH BASE BYTE
RND MTH REAL
RNRM MTH MATR NORM
ROLL STACK
ROLLD STACK
ROT STACK
ROW+ MTH MATR ROW
ROW- MTH MATR ROW
ROW\-> MTH MATR ROW
RPM EQ LIB UTILS
RR MTH BASE BIT
RRB MTH BASE BYTE
RREF MTH MATR FACTR
RSD MTH MATR
RSWP MTH MATR ROW
S UNITS ELEC
S UNITS TIME
SAME PRG TEST
SB UNITS LIGHT
SBRK I/O SERIA
SCATR STAT PLOT
SCHUR MTH MATR FACTR
SCI MODES FMT
SCON MEMORY ARITH
SDEV STAT 1VAR
SEND I/O
SEQ PRG LIST PROC
SERVE I/O SRVR
SF MODES FLAG
SF PRG TEST
SIDEN EQ LIB UTILS
SIGN MTH CMPL
SIGN MTH REAL
SINH MTH HYP
SINV MEMORY ARITH
SIZE CHAR
SIZE MTH MATR NORM
SIZE PRG GROB
SIZE PRG LIST ELEM
SKIP\-> EDIT
SL MTH BASE BIT
SLB MTH BASE BYTE
SLUG UNITS MASS
SNEG MEMORY ARITH
SNRM MTH MATR NORM
SOLVE EQ LIB EQLIB
SORT MTH LIST
SORT PRG LIST PROC
SPHER MODES ANGL
SPHER MTH VECTR
SR MTH BASE BIT
SR UNITS ANGL
SRAD MTH MATR NORM
SRB MTH BASE BYTE
SRECV I/O SERIA
SST PRG RUN
SST\|v PRG RUN
ST UNITS VISC
ST UNITS VOL
START PRG BRCH START
STD MODES FMT
STEP PRG BRCH FOR
STEP PRG BRCH START
STIME I/O SERIA
STK MODES MISC
STO* MEMORY ARITH
STO+ MEMORY ARITH
STO- MEMORY ARITH
STO/ MEMORY ARITH
STOAL TIME ALRM
STOF MODES FLAG
STOK MODES KEYS
STREA PRG LIST PROC
STWS MTH BASE
SUB CHAR
SUB MTH MATR NORM
SUB PRG GROB
SUB PRG LIST
SV UNITS RAD
SVD MTH MATR FACTR
SVL MTH MATR FACTR
SYM MODES MISC
T UNITS ELEC
T UNITS MASS
TAIL CHAR
TAIL PRG LIST ELEM
TANH MTH HYP
TBSP UNITS VOL
TDELT EQ LIB UTILS
TEXT PRG OUT
THEN PRG BRCH CASE
THEN PRG BRCH IF
THEN PRG ERROR IFERR
THER UNITS ENRG
TICKS TIME
TIME TIME
TINC EQ LIB UTILS
TLINE PRG PICT
TMEN MODES MENU
TON UNITS MASS
TONU UNITS MASS
TORR UNITS PRESS
TOT STAT 1VAR
TRACE MTH MATR NORM
TRAN I/O IOPAR
TRN MTH MATR NORM
TRNC MTH REAL
TSP UNITS VOL
TSTR TIME
TVARS MEMORY DIR
TYPE PRG TEST
TYPE PRG TYPE
U UNITS MASS
UBASE <-UNITS
UFACT <-UNITS
UNTIL PRG BRCH DO
UTPC MTH PROB
UTPF MTH PROB
UTPN MTH PROB
UTPT MTH PROB
UVAL <-UNITS
V UNITS ELEC
V\-> MTH VECTR
VAR STAT 1VAR
VARS MEMORY DIR
VTYPE PRG TYPE
W UNITS ELEC
W UNITS POWR
WAIT PRG IN
WB UNITS ELEC
WHILE PRG BRCH WHILE
XCOL STAT \GSPAR
XMIT I/O SERIA
XOR MTH BASE LOGIC
XOR PRG TEST
XPON MTH REAL
XRECV I/O
XSEN I/O
YCOL STAT \GSPAR
YD UNITS LENG
YD^2 UNITS AREA
YD^3 UNITS VOL
YR UNITS TIME
ZFACT EQ LIB UTILS
\=/ PRG TEST
\GDLIST MTH LIST
\Gm (mu) UNITS LENG
\GPILIST MTH LIST
\GS+ STAT DATA
\GS- STAT DATA
\GSDAT STAT DATA
\GSLINE STAT FIT
\GSLIST MTH LIST
\GSPAR STAT \GSPAR
\GSX STAT SUMS
\GSX*Y STAT SUMS
\GSX^2 STAT SUMS
\GSY STAT SUMS
\GSY^2 STAT SUMS
\GW (omega) UNITS ELEC
\PI MTH CONS
\^o (degrees) UNITS ANGL
\^oC UNITS TEMP
\^oF UNITS TEMP
\^oR UNITS TEMP
\|^STK EDIT
Areas
General
Craig's Articles
Last modified Saturday, 2012-02-25T23:29:48-06:00.
